ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are characterized by tolerogenic potential and therefore, are used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) reactions after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation to improve the transplant functions, as well as for the therapy and prevention of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients and some other conditions. However, MSC can exhibit proinflammatory activity, which causes risks for their clinical use. We studied the cytokine profile of bone marrow MSC culture and demonstrate intensive production of IL-6, IL-8, and chemokine MCP-1, which participate in the pathogenesis of cytokine storm and GVHD. At the same time, no anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 were detected. To reduce the risks of MSC application in the GVHD therapeutic protocols, further studies of the conditions promoting generation of MSC with tolerogenic potential and approved clinical standards of MSC use are required.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Cytokine Release Syndrome/prevention & control , Cytokines/analysis , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology , Bone Marrow Cells/immunology , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , COVID-19/immunology , Cells, Cultured , Chemokine CCL2/analysis , Graft vs Host Disease/immunology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Interleukin-6/analysis , Interleukin-8/analysis , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Pneumonias in patients with hempblastoses, arising during treatment in setting of myelotoxic agranulocytosis, are life-threatening complications, which press complex approach for diagnosis and treatment. In condition of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemia, differential diagnosis of pneumonia with “ground glass” lung changes is a hot issue. In the current paper we present world data on clinical, laboratory and X-ray diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) pneumonia in children. Special attention is paid to X-ray features depending of child age. It is provided two clinical examples, demonstrating a necessity of complex microbiological, immunological, molecular and X-ray diagnosis for detection of lung change genesis in oncohematologic patients. © 2020, Graphica Ltd. All rights reserved.